Ty Schmidt

Education

• Ph.D. (Muscle Biology and Meat Science), University of Missouri May 2004
  Dr. Eric Berg, Committee chair and academic advisor
  Dissertation title: Evaluation of the effect of dietary lipoic acid supplementation on immune
  response, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and overall meat quality
• M.S. (Meat Science), West Texas A&M University May 2000
  Dr. Ted Montgomery, Committee chair and academic advisor
  Thesis title: Survey of carcass and offal characteristics of the fed cattle population in the Texas Panhandle.
• B.S. (Animal Science), West Texas A&M University May 1998

Employment

• 2018 - Present  Associate Professor, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 2012 - 2018  Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska - Lincoln
• 2007 – 2012  Assistant Professor,  Mississippi State University
• 2006 – 2007 Post Doctoral Research Associate, University of Missouri
  Meat Animal Physiology
  Advisor: Dr. Duane Keisler
  Research Focus: Evaluation of the endocrine profile (Leptin, IGF-I, and bGH) of high quality fed cattle as predictors of carcass composition
• 2004 – 2005 Post Doctoral Research Associate University of Missouri
  Ruminant Nutrition
  Advisor: Dr. KC Olson
  Research Focus: Effects of dry matter intake restriction on growth performance and carcass
  merit of finishing steers
• 2001 – 2004 Graduate Research/Teaching Assistant University of Missouri
• 1998 – 2000 Cattlemen's Carcass Data Service Manager West Texas A&M Univ.
• 1996 – 1998 Cattlemen's Carcass Data Service West Texas A&M Univ.
  Team Leader

Graduate Student Advising

• Graduate Appointment – Level 1 Graduate Faculty within Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences
• Graduate Appointment – Level 1 Graduate Faculty – Animal Nutrition
• Graduate Appointment – Level 1 Graduate Faculty – Animal Physiology

Professional Affiliations

• Journal of Animal Science – Associate Editor 2010 – 2012
• Ruminant Section, Nutrition Division
• Journal of Animal Science – Technical Reviewer 2003 – Present
• Journal of Meat Science – Technical Reviewer 2004 – Present
• Journal of Muscle Foods– Technical Reviewer 2008 – Present
• Journal of Food Science – Technical Reviewer 2010 – Present
• Food and Agriculture Immunity – Technical Reviewer 2010 – Present
• Gamma Sigma Delta Honor Society – Member 2003 – Present|
• Texas Chapter of Alpha Zeta Honor Society – Member 2000 – Present
• American Society of Animal Science
• American Meat Science Association

Activities and Achievements

• National Pork Board Swine Industry Award for Innovation 2013
• Mississippi State University State Pride Award for Faculty Excellence 2010
• Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Award 2009
  Oak Ridge Associated Universities
  Plasmid transformation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with the pAK1-lux gene cassette
• National Champion Meat Science Quiz Bowl Team 2008
  Faculty Advisor: Reciprocal Meats Conference, University of Florida
• Reserve National Champion Meat Science Quiz Bowl Team 2008
  Faculty Advisor: Reciprocal Meats Conference, University of Florida
• University of Missouri Harold P. Dugdale Outstanding Meat Science 2002
  Graduate Student Scholarship
• University of Missouri Graduate Student Recruitment Committee Member 2001 – 2004
• University of Missouri Intercollegiate Meats Team, Assistant Coach 2001 – 2002
• West Texas A&M University Student Research Conference 1999
  3rd Place Finish
  Presentation: A survey of carcass and offal characteristics present in the Texas panhandle
• West Texas A&M University Intercollegiate Meats Team, Assistant Coach 1997 – 2000
• West Texas A&M Intercollegiate Meats Team, Member 1996 – 1997
• Intercollegiate Meat Judging Contest: National Western Livestock Show 1997
  3rd High Individual – Lamb Carcasses
• West Texas A&M University Intercollegiate Livestock Team, Member 1996
• Intercollegiate Livestock Judging Contest: Southwestern Livestock Show 1996
  2nd High Individual – Beef Cattle
• FFA American Farmer Degree 1993
• FFA Star State American Farmer – Agribusiness Texas FFA Area I 1993

Publications

Publications Summary (See publication list for detailed citations.)

• Refereed Publications = 34 Publications in review = 7
• Society Presentations & Abstracts = 44 Publications in progress = 4
• Book Chapters = 1 Final Reports = 3
• Ongoing research = 9

Book Chapter:

• Schmidt, T. B. and K C Olson. 2007. The nutrition or the management of nutrition and its effects on carcass merit and sensory properties. In: A guide to beef cattle nutrition. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. Elseviers Press. Vet Clin Food Anim. 23 (2007) 151-163.

Refereed Publications (Primary Author/Corresponding Author):

• Schuster, G. L., Donaldson, J. R., Buntyn, J. O., Duosss, H. A., Callaway, T. R., Carroll, J. A., Falkenberg, S. M., and Schmidt, T. B. 2013. Use of bioluminescent Escherichia coli to determine retention during the life cycle of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (Accepted Dec 2012).
• Duoss, H. A., J. R. Donaldson, T. R. Callaway, J. A. Carroll, P. R. Broadway, J. M. Martin, S. Shields-Menard, and T. B. Schmidt. 2013. Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 transformed with either pAK1-lux or pXEN-13 plasmid in invitro bovine ruminal and fecal microbial fermentations. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (Accepted December 2012)
• Duoss-Jennings, H. A., Schmidt, T. B., Callaway, T. R., Carroll, J. A., Martin, J. M., Shields-Menard, S. A., Broadway, P. R., and Donaldson, J. R. 2013. Effect of citrus by-product on survival of O157:H7 and non-O157 Escherichia coli serogroups within in vitro bovine ruminal fermentation. International Journal of Microbiology. (Accepted Dec 2012)
• Broadway, P. R., T. R. Callaway, J. A. Carroll, J. R. Donaldson, R. J. Rathmann, B. J. Johnson, J. T. Cribbs, L. M. Durso, D. J. Nisbet, and T. B. Schmidt. 2013. Evaluation of the Ruminal Bacterial Diversity of Cattle Fed Diets Containing Citrus Pulp Pellets. Agriculture, Food and Analytical Bacteriology Journal. (Accepted Nov 2012)
• Falkenberg, S. M., J. A. Carroll, D. H. Keisler, J. L. Sartin, T. Elsasser, J. O. Buntyn, P. R. Broadway, and T. B. Schmidt*. 2012. Evaluation of the endocrine response of cattle during the relocation process. J. Livestock Sci. (Accepted, September 2012).
• Free, A. L., H. A. Duoss, T. R. Callaway, J. A. Carroll, T. B. Schmidt, and J. R. Donaldson. 2012. Survival of O157:H7 and non-O157:H7 serotypes of Escherichia coli in bovine bile salts and rumen fluid. J. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (Accepted August 2012).
• Schilling, M. W., T. B. Schmidt, J. B. Williams, V. Radhakrishnan, V. Battila, K. Christensen, and Y. Vizzer-Thanxton. 2012. Broiler Stunning Methods and their Effects on Welfare, Rigor Mortis, and Meat Quality. World Poultry Sci. J. (Accepted June 2012)
• Pittman, J. R., T. B. Schmidt, A. Corzo, T. R. Callaway, J. A. Carroll, and J. R. Donaldson. 2012. Effect of Stressors on the Viability of Listeria During an in vitro Cold-Smoking Process. Ag. Food and Analytical Bacteriology. 2012 (Accepted May 2012).
• Leick, C. M., J. M. Behrends, T. B. Schmidt, and M. W. Schilling. 2012. Impact of price and thickness on consumer selection of ribeye, sirloin, and top loin steaks. J. Meat Science. 91, 1: 8-13.
• Burdick, N.C., J. A. Carroll, J. W. Dailey, R. D. Randel, S. M. Falkenberg, and T. B. Schmidt. 2011. Development of a self-contained, indwelling vaginal temperature probe for use in cattle research. J. Thermal Biology. (In Press; Accepted October 18, 2011 available online: 21-OCT-2011 DOI information: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2011.10.007.
• Berg, E. P., C. A. Stahl, M. S. Shannon, D. L. McNamara, T. B. Schmidt, and B. R. Wiegand. 2011. The influence of dietary protein on market barrows and gilts supplemented creatine monohydrate in conjunction with a high glycemic carbohydrate. J. Meat Sci. 88, 3:429-433.
• Leick, C. M., J. M. Behrends, T. B. Schmidt, and M. W. Schilling. 2011. Consumer selection of constant-weight ribeye, top loin, and sirloin steaks. J. Meat Science. 87, 1: 66-72.
• Schmidt, T. B, M. W. Schilling, V. Battula, V. Jackson, E. Bradley, R. K. Sekhon, and T. E. Lawrence. 2010. Use of cluster analysis and preference mapping to evaluate consumer acceptability of Choice and Select bovine M. Longissimus Lumborum steaks cooked to various end-point temperatures. 84 (2010) 46-53.
• Macek, M. J., J. R. Jaeger, T. B. Schmidt, D. U. Thomson, J. W. Bolte, L. A. Pacheco, N. A. Sproul, L. R. Hibbard, G. J. Eckerle, and K. C. Olson. 2010. Effects of degree of respiratory disease vaccination on health and growth performance of ranch direct beef calves during weaning and receiving. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 61:190-193.
• Macek, M. J., J. W. Iliff, K. C. Olson, J. R. Jaeger, T. B. Schmidt, D. U. Thomson, and L. A. Pacheco. 2010. The relative importance of weaning management and vaccination history on finishing performance and carcass characteristics of beef calves. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 61:186-189.
• Macek, M. J., K. C. Olson, J. R. Jaeger, T. B. Schmidt, J. W. Lilff, D. U. Thomas, and L. A. Pacheco. 2010. The relative importance of weaning management and vaccination history on performance by ranch-direct beef steers during weaning and receiving. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 61:25-29.
• Jackson, V., Schilling, M.W., Behrends, S., Schmidt, T.B., Coggins, P.C., Martin, J.M. 2009. Quality characteristics and storage stability of baked and fried chicken nuggets formulated with wheat and rice flour. J. Food Quality. 32(6): 760-774.
• Battula, V., M. W. Schilling, Y. Vizzier-Thaxton, J. B. Behrends, J. B. Williams, and T. B. Schmidt. 2008. The effects of low atmosphere stunning and deboning time on broiler breast meat quality. Poultry Science 87:1202-1210.
• Olson, K. C., R. Rasby, and T. B. Schmidt. 2007. Early weaning as a drought mitigation strategy for commercial cattle ranches. Kansas State University, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and Mississippi State University. Proc. Western Nutrition Conference, 2007.
• Schmidt, T. B., M. S. Brown, R. L. Larson, S. B. Kleiboeker, K. C. Olson, D. Keisler, J. Carroll, and E. P. Berg. 2006. The effect of dietary lipoic acid on metabolic hormones and acute phase proteins in steers challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. J. Am. Vet. Med. Res. 2006 Jul:67(7): 1192-8.
• Clark, J. H., K. C. Olson, T. B. Schmidt, M. L. Linville, D. O. Alkire, D. L. Meyer, G. K. Rentfrow, C. C. Carr, and E. P. Berg. 2005. Effects of dry matter intake restriction on diet digestion, energy partitioning, nutrient retention, and ruminal fermentation by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 2007. 85:3383–3390.
• Schmidt, T. B., M. L. Linville, and K. C. Olson. 2005. Effect of starch, fiber, or degradable intake protein (DIP) supplementation on NDF and ADF digestibility by heifers consuming low-quality fescue hay. Prof. Anim. Sci. 22:432-437.
• Clark, J. H., K. C. Olson, T. B. Schmidt, R. L. Larson, M. R. Ellersieck, D. O. Alkire, D. L. Meyer, G. K. Rentfrow, and C. C. Carr. 2005. Effects of respiratory disease risk and bolus injection of trace minerals at receiving on growing and finishing performance by beef steers. Prof. Anim. Sci. 22 245-251.
• Stahl, C. A., M. S. Carlson-Shannon, B. R. Wiegand, D. L. Meyer, T. B. Schmidt, and E. P. Berg. 2005. The influence of creatine and a high glycemic carbohydrate on the growth performance and meat quality of market hogs fed ractopamin hydrochloride. J. Meat Science. 75: 143-149.
• Brandt, M. M., D. H. Keisler, D. L. Meyer, T. B. Schmidt, and E. P. Berg. 2005. Serum hormone concentrations relative to carcass composition of a random allotment of commercial fed beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 85:267-275.
• Schmidt, T. B., K.C. Olson, C. A. Stahl, D. L. McNamara, M. M. Brandt, and E. P. Berg. 2005. Growth performance, carcass merit, beef tenderness, and beef retail display properties of finishing steers supplemented with lipoic acid. Prof. Anim. Sci. 21:480-485.
• Meyer, D. L., M. S. Kerley, E. L. Walker, D. H. Keisler, V. L. Pierce, T. B. Schmidt, C. A. Stahl, M. L. Linville, and E. P. Berg. 2005. Ultrasonic growth curve analysis, carcass composition, quality, and shear force of early weaned versus traditional weaned beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 83:2752-2761.
• Schmidt, T. B., K. C. Olson, M. L. Linville, J. H. Clark, D. L. Meyer, M. M. Brandt, C. A. Stahl, G. K. Rentfrow, and E. P. Berg. 2005. Effects of dry matter intake restriction on growth performance and carcass merit of finishing steers. Prof. Anim. Sci. 21:332-338.
• McFadin, E. L., D. H. Keisler, T. B. Schmidt, C. L. Lorenzen, and E. P. Berg. 2003. Correlation between serum concentrations of leptin and beef carcass composition and quality. J. Muscle Foods: 14:81-87.
• Schmidt, T. B., T. H. Montgomery, J. E. Mehlhorn, D. B. Parker, L. J. Perino, and T. E. Lawrence. 2002. Survey of carcass characteristics and the estimated economic implications of carcass defects. The Professional Animal Scientist. 18:394-401.
  
• Schmidt, T. B., M. P. Keene, and C. L. Lorenzen. 2002. Improving consumer satisfaction of beef through the use of thermometers to determine end-point temperature and increased aid from wait-staff. J. Food Sci. 67:3190-3193.
• Roeber, D. L., D. R. McKenna, P. K. Bates, T. B. Schmidt, K. E. Belk, T. G. Fields, J. A. Scanga, J. W. Savell, J. B. Morgan, T. H. Montgomery, and G. C. Smith. 2002. The National Beef Quality Audit: Views of producers, packers, and merchandisers on current quality characteristics of beef. The Professional Animal Scientist. 18:112-119.
• McKenna, D. R., D. L. Roeber, P. K. Bates, T. B. Schmidt, D. S. Hale, D. B. Griffin, J. W. Savell, J. C. Brooks, J. B. Morgan, T. H. Montgomery, K. E. Belk, and G. C. Smith. 2002. National Beef Quality Audit – 2000: Survey of targeted cattle and carcass characteristics related to quality, quantity, and value of fed steers and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 80:1212-1222.
• Schmidt T.B., L. Unruh, J. P. Perino, and T. H. Montgomery. 2000. Hail bruising of fed cattle. Bovine Practitioner. 34: 60-62.

Abstracts:

• S. M. Falkenberg, J. A. Carroll, M. A. Ballou, J. L. Sartin, J. O. Butyn, T. Elsasser, S. Kahl, and T. B. Schmidt. 2011. Alterations in the somatotrophic axis during a dual stress and M. haemolytica challenge in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 89: E-suppl. 1 (399).
• Duoss, H. A., J. R. Donaldson, J. M. Martin, P. R. Broadway, S. M. Falkenberg, P. Ryan, S. Willard, T. R. Callaway, J. A. Carroll, M. A. Ballou, and T. B. Schmidt. 2011. Growth of biophotonic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC #43888) within rumen fluid media. J. Meat Sci. 89:360.
• P. R. Broadway, J. M. Behrends, C. M. Leick, H. A. Duoss, P. Ryan, and T. B. Schmidt. 2011. Stability of biophotonic E. coli O157:H7 and its effectiveness as a validation tool in beef purge sampling methodologies. J. Meat Sci. 89:360.
• Falkenberg, S. M., T. B. Schmidt, D. H. Keisler, J. L. Sartin, J. O. Buntyn, and J. A. Carroll. 2010. Alterations in the somatotrophic axis during an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral (IBRV) challenge in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 1 (771).
• Falkenberg, S. M., T. B. Schmidt, T. H. Elsasser, J. L. Sartin, J. O. Buntyn, and J. A. Carroll. 2010. Influence of two different doses of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) on immune and physiological parameters in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 1 (T21).
• Buntyn, J. O., J. A. Carroll, T. Smith, S. M. Falkenberg, J. D. Rivera, C. Collier, and T. B. Schmidt. 2010. Use of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge to evaluate the innate immune response of Angus heifers with genotypic differences in DNA markers for intramuscular fat deposition. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 1 (590).
• Schuster, G., K. E. Moulton, P. R. Broadway, P. Ryan, S. Willard, J. Behrends, and T. B. Schmidt. 2010. Use of biophotonic E. coli XEN-14 to determine time of contamination in the life cycle of the house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: muscidae). J. Anim. Science. 88, E-Suppl. 1 (1090).
• Broadway, P. R., J. Behrends, K. Moulton, J. O. Buntyn, S. Willards, and T. B. Schmidt. 2010. Development of a novel real-time paradigm for monitoring E. coli O157:H7: Photonic growth patterns of bioluminescent E. coli O157:H7 transformed with two unique plasmids. Reciprocal Meats Conferences, Lubbock, TX.
• M. W. Castellaw, G. Schuster, D. T. Dawson, K. E. Moulton, E. L. Schenck, P. Ryan, S. Willard and T. B. Schmidt. Use of Biophotonics as a Real Time Model to Determine the Role of Filth Flies in the cross contamination of cattle with E. coli O157:H7. Merck-Merial Veterinary Scholars Program. August 2009.
• Behrends, S. M., T. B. Schmidt, D. H. Keisler, J. W. Daily, J. O. Buntyn, D. J. Sykes, L. H. Hulbert, K. M. Cooley, D. T. Dawson, and J. A. Carroll. 2009. Evaluation of the stress response of heifers during the transportation process. J. Animal Science. 87, E-Suppl. 1 (387).
• Behrends, J. M., C. Leick, M. W. Schilling, S. Yoder, and T. B. Schmidt. 2009. Consumer preference of steaks cut to a constant weight from different carcass weight groups. Reciprocal Meat Conference, University of Arkansas, 2009.
• Behrends, J. M., C. Leick, M. W. Schilling, S. Yoder, and T. B. Schmidt. 2009. Consumer's preference of steak thickness cut to a constant weight base on price. Reciprocal Meat Conference, University of Arkansas, 2009.
• J. D. Davis, J. L. Purswell, and T. B. Schmidt. 2009. Development of a reusable tympanic temperature probe for beef cattle. ASABE International Meetings, Reno, NV, 2009.
• J. D. Davis, T. B. Schmidt, S. M. Behrends, and C. S. Ryals. 2009. Development of a portable metabolism crate for cattle. ASABE International Meetings, Reno, NV, 2009.
• Bolte, J. W., J. R. Jaeger, T. B. Schmidt, D. U. Thomson, B. J. White, R. L. Larson, G. A. Milliken, N. A. Sproul, M. D. Thomas, and K. C. Olson. 2009. Effect of length of time between maternal separation and shipping on feedlot performance and carcass merit of ranch-direct beef calves weaned during the summer. J. Anim. Sci. 87, E-Suppl. 3 (248).
• Bolte, J. W., J. R. Jaeger, T. B. Schmidt, D. U. Thomson, B. J. White, R. L. Larson, G. A. Milliken, N. A. Sproul, M. D. Thomas, and K. C. Olson. 2009. Effect of length of time between maternal separation and shipping on feedlot performance and carcass merit of ranch-direct beef calves weaned during the fall. J. Anim. Sci. 87, E-Suppl. 3 (288).
• Pham, A. J., M. W. Schilling, T. B. Schmidt, J. M. Behrends. 2009. Use of Preference Mapping to Evaluate the Consumer Acceptability and Sensory Characteristics of M. Longissimus lumborum Steaks Cooked to Various Endpoint Temperatures. 2009 International Food Technology Meetings.
• Behrends, S. M., T. B. Schmidt, J. Buntyn, M.A. Ballou, J.W. Daily, L.H. Hulbert, and J. A. Carroll. 2009. Evaluation of immunological and physiological parameters associated with an infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral challenge in beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87, E-Suppl. 1 (66).
• Behrends, S. M., T. B. Schmidt, P. Ryan, S. Willard, M. McGee, C. Welch, C. Trejo, J. Buntyn, and C. Huston. 2009. Thermal imaging of the bovine muzzle and the correlation to rectal temperature. J. Anim. Sci. 86, E-Suppl. 2 (389).
• Bolte, J. W., K C Olson, J. R. Jaeger, T. B. Schmidt, D. U. Thomson, B. J. White, R. L. Larson, A. Sproul, L. A. Pachenco, and M. D. Thomas. 2008. Effect of length of time between maternal separation and shipping on post-weaning performance of beef calves during the fall. J. Anim. Sci. 86, E-Suppl. 2 (392).
• T. B. Schmidt, M. W. Schilling, V. Battula, V. Jackson, E. Bradley, R. K. Sekhon, and T. E. Lawrence. 2008. The Effect of Endpoint Temperature on the Consumer Acceptability of Select and Choice Steaks from Bovine Longissimus Muscle. Reciprocal Meats Conference – University of Florida, 2008.
• McNamara, D. L., T. B. Schmidt, E. L. Walker, M. M. Rolf, A. N. Braunch, W. Pittroff, and D. H. Keisler. 2007. Relationship between leptin and carcass quality and yield grade in a population of Certified Angus Beef-type cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 8 (Suppl. 1) 446.
• Brandt, M. M., D. H. Keisler, D. L. Meyer, T. B. Schmidt, C. C. Carr, G. K. Rentfrow, E. K. Burger, D. J. Kemp, and E. P. Berg. 2005. Serum hormone concentrations as predictors of carcass composition in a random allotment of American fed beef cattle. Submitted to International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, May 4, 2005.
• Newman, D. J., E. L. Walker, T. B. Schmidt, D. L. Meyer, C. A. Stahl. G. K. Rentfrow, V. L. Pierce, M. R. Ellerseick, and E. P. Berg. 2005. Evaluation of current United States pork industry carcass grading equipment. Submitted to International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, May 4, 2005.
• Schmidt, T. B., K C Olson, M. L. Linville, J. H. Clark, C. A. Stahl, D. L. McNamara, G. K. Rentfrow, E. P. Berg. 2005. Effects of intake restriction on energy balance and retention of N and P by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl. 1).
• J. H. Clark, K C Olson, T. B. Schmidt, D. O. Alkire, G. K. Rentfrow, C. C. Carr, D. L. McNamara, and E. K. Burger. 2005. Effect of intake restriction on diet digestion, ruminal fermentation, and passage rate by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 83 (Suppl. 1).
• Schmidt, T. B., E. P. Berg, E. M. Cochran, J. J., Garcia, S. B. Kleiboeker, C. W. Morgan, C. D. Drager, J. A. Carroll, D. H. Keisler, R. L. Larson, K. C. Olson, G. K. Rentfrow, and M. S. Brown. 2004. Dietary supplementation of lipoic acid and its effect on circulating metabolic hormones and acute phase proteins of virus-challenged beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 82 (Suppl. 1): 717.
• Schmidt, T. B., K. C. Olson, M. L. Linville, M. M. Brandt, C. A. Stahl, D. L. McNamara, G. K. Rentfrow, and E. P. Berg. 2004. Effect of limit-feeding on performance and carcass merit of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 82 (Suppl. 2): 165.
• Schmidt, T. B., K. C. Olson, C. A. Stahl, M. M. Brandt, D. L. McNamara, M. L. Linville, D. J. Kemp, and E. P. Berg. 2004. Effect of dietary lipoic acid on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 82 (Suppl. 2): 234.
• Schmidt, T. B., K. C. Olson, M. L. Linville, M. M. Brandt, C. A. Stahl, D. L. McNamara, and E. P. Berg. 2004. Effect of limit-feeding on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 82 (Suppl. 2): 235.
• Stahl, C. A., M. S. Carlson, D. L. McNamara, T. B. Schmidt, D. J. Newman, C. M. Schultz-Kaster, and E. P. Berg. 2003. Growth parameters and carcass merit of market hogs supplemented creatine monohydrate in conjunction with ractopamine hydrochloride (Paylean®) and a high glycemic carbohydrate. J. Anim. Sci. 81(Suppl. 1):137.
• Stahl, C. A., B. R. Weigand, M. S. Carlson, T. B. Schmidt, and E. P. Berg. 2003. The influence of dietary protein on market barrows and gilts supplemented creatine monohydrate in conjunction with a high glycemic carbohydrate. J. Anim. Sci. 81(Suppl. 1):313.
• Linville, M. L., K. C. Olson, C. A. Stahl, D. L. McNamara, T. B. Schmidt, G. R. Rentfrow, E. L. McFadin, D. K. Davis, and E. P. Berg. 2003. Effect of limit-feeding on performance, carcass merit, and digestion by finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 81(Suppl. 2):339.
• McNamara, D. L., E. L. McFadin, M .S. Kerley, D. H. Keisler, V. L. Pierce, T. B. Schmidt, C. A. Stahl, M. L. Linville, and E. P. Berg. 2003. Influence of weaning age and implant strategy on serum concentrations of leptin in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci.81(Suppl. 2):112.
• Berg, E. P., E. Huff-Lonergan, T. B. Schmidt, C. A. Stahl, D. L. McNamara, and G. K. Rentfrow. 2002. The effect of alpha lipoic acid on shelf life and Warner/Bratzler shear force values associated with fresh pork. Proceedings of Pork Quality and Safety Summit 2002, Des Moines, IA. pp 129-131.
• Schmidt, T. B., C. A. Stahl, D. L. McNamara, G. K. Rentfrow, and E. P. Berg. 2002. The effect of alpha lipoic acid on shelf life and Warner/Bratzler shear force values associated with pork. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 1):127.
• Schmidt, T. B., C.A. Stahl, D.L. McNamara, G. K. Rentfrow, and E.P. Berg. 2002. The effect of alpha lipoic acid on shelf life and Warner/Bratzler shear force values associated with pork. 2002 Reciprocal Meats Conference, Michigan State University.
• Schmidt, T. B., M. P. Keene, and C. L. Lorenzen. 2002. Improving consumer satisfaction of beef. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl.2):85.
• Mc Fadin, E. L., D. H. Keisler, T. B. Schmidt, C. L. Lorenzen, and E. P. Berg. 2002. The relationship between serum leptin concentration and beef carcass composition and quality. J. Anim. Sci. 80(Suppl. 2):104.
• Roeber, D. L., D. R. McKenna, P. K. Bates, T. B. Schmidt, K. E. Belk, J. W. Savell, J. B. Morgan, T. H. Montgomery, and G. C. Smith. 2001. National Beef Quality Audit-2000: Survey of producers and packers, and end-users. J. Anim. Sci. 79(Suppl. 1):259.
• Roeber, D. L., D. R. McKenna, P. K. Bates, T. B. Schmidt, K. E. Belk, J. W. Savell, J. B. Morgan, T. H. Montgomery, D. B. Griffin and G. C. Smith. 2001. National Beef Quality Audit-2000: Results of slaughter floor assessment. J. Anim. Sci. 79(Suppl. 1):260.
• Roeber, D. L., D. R. McKenna, P. K. Bates, T. B. Schmidt, K. E. Belk, J. W. Savell, J. B. Morgan, T. H. Montgomery, D. B. Griffin, D. S. Hale, and G. C. Smith. 2001. National Beef Quality Audit-2000: Results of carcass assessment. J. Anim. Sci. 79(Suppl. 1):261.
• Schmidt, T. B., D. L. Roeber, D. R. McKenna, P. K. Bates, T. G. Fields, K. E. Belk, J. W. Savell, J. B. Morgan, T. H. Montgomery, and G. C. Smith. 2001. National Beef Quality Audit-2000: Consensus of the beef industry. J. Anim. Sci. 79(Suppl. 1):262.
• Schmidt, T. B., T. H. Montgomery, L. J. Perino, D. B. Parker, and J. E. Mehlhorn. 2000. Survey of carcass quality and yield characteristics and producer and packer related carcass defects. Texas A&M University System 2000 Agriculture Program Conference, January 11-13, College Station, TX.

Technical Reports:

• T. B. Schmidt, K. E. Moulton, and S. Willard. 2010. Plasmid transformation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with pAK1-lux gene and XEN 14 transposon: Creation of two unique biophotonic strains of E. coli O157:H7 for pre and post harvest food safety research. Ralph E. Powe Junior Faculty Enhancement Awards Final Report.
• Schmidt, T.B., M. P. Keene, and C. L. Lorenzen. 2001. Can foodservice customer satisfaction of beef be improved through cooking degree of doneness communication? Final Report: Missouri Beef Improvement Council.
• Roeber, D. L., J. W. Savell, J. B. Morgan, T. H. Montgomery, K. E. Belk, D. B. Griffin, J. C. Brooks, T. B. Schmidt, P. K. Bates, and D. R. McKenna. 2001. What are the costs (losses per steer/heifer) for quality defects/nonconformities identified by the National Beef Quality Audit-2000 In: G. C. Smith (Ed.) Improving the quality, consistency, competitiveness and market-share of beef: The final report of the third blueprint for total quality management in the fed beef (slaughtered steer/heifer) industry, National Beef Quality Audit – 2000. Colorado State University, Ft. Collins; Texas A&M University, College Station; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater; and West Texas A&M University, Canyon.

Manuscripts under review (* denotes roll as corresponding author):

• Survivability and growth of biophotonic Escherichia coli (ATCC # 43888) with pAK1-lux or pXEN-13 plasmid in bovine rumen and fecal fluid. Duoss, H. A., J. R. Donaldson, T. R. Callaway, P. R. Broadway, J. M. Martin, J. A. Carroll, M. A. Ballou, S. M. Falkenberg, S. Willard, K. Moulton, L. N. Bergeron, and T. B. Schmidt. 2012. J. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (In review).
• Schuster, G., K. E. Moulton, P. R. Broadway, P. Ryan, S. Willard, J. Behrends, and T. B. Schmidt. 2012. Use of biophotonic E. coli XEN-14 to determine time of contamination in the life cycle of the house fly, Musca domestica Linnaeus (Diptera: muscidae). Journal of Foodborne Pathogens and Disease (In internal review).
• Falkenberg, S. M., J. A. Carroll, T. Elsasser, T. Best, D. Keisler, J. Sartin, J. O. Buntyn, and T. B. Schmidt*. 2012. Evaluation of varying volumes of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBRV) on immune and physiological parameters of steers. J. Vet. Med. Research (In review).
• Falkenberg, S. M., J. A. Carroll, T. Elsasser, T. Best, D. Keisler, J. Sartin, J. O. Buntyn, and T. B. Schmidt*. 2012. Evaluation of endocrine and immune disruption of steers challenged with the Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus (IBRV) challenge virus. J. Vet. Med. Research (In review).
• Buntyn, J. O., J. A. Carroll, T. Smith, S. M. Falkenberg, J. D. Rivera, C. Collier, and T. B. Schmidt*. 2012. Use of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge to evaluate the innate immune response of Angus heifers with genotypic differences in GeneSTAR Markers for intramuscular fat deposition. J. Innate. Immuno. (In review).

Manuscripts in progress:

• Falkenberg, S. M., A. M. Schmidt, N. C. Burdick, J. O. Buntyn, P. R. Broadway, J. W. Dailey, R. D. Randel, and T. B. Schmidt*. 2012. Technical Note: Analysis of the optimal temporal sampling frequency to evaluate mean temperature response in cattle challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J. Anim. Sci. (In internal review).
• S. M. Falkenberg, J. A. Carroll, M. A. Ballou, J. L. Sartin, J. O. Buntyn, P. R. Broadway, T. Elsasser, S. Kahl, and T. B. Schmidt*. 2012. Evaluation of the timing of cortisol release (single stimuli) on the somatotrophic axis during an M. haemolytica challenge in beef steers. J. Innate Immuno. (In internal review).
• S. M. Falkenberg, J. A. Carroll, M. A. Ballou, J. L. Sartin, J. O. Butyn, P. R. Broadway, T. Elsasser, S. Kahl, and T. B. Schmidt*. 2012. Evaluation of the timing of cortisol release (multiple stimuli) on the somatotrophic axis during an M. haemolytica challenge in beef steers. J. Innate Immuno. (In internal review).

Ongoing Research:

• Impact of citrus pulp on growth of Shiga-Toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) within rumen fluid media. Duoss, H. A., J. R. Donaldson, J. A. Carroll, T. R. Callaway and T. B. Schmidt*. Status: Project is completed – currently analyzing data to generate publication.
• Survivability of biophotonic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC # 43888) within the gastrointestinal tract of weaned pigs. Duoss, H. A., J. R. Donaldson, J. A. Carroll, T. R. Callaway, P. R. Broadway, and T. B. Schmidt*. Status: Project is completed – currently analyzing data to generate publication.
• Evaluation of cortisol release on serum concentrations of urocortin in beef steers challenged with CRP and aVP. T. B. Schmidt, J. A. Carroll, S. M. Falkenberg, and D. Keisler. Status: Project is completed – currently analyzing data to generate publication.
• Understanding changes/alteration in rumen environment and microbiom of temperamental cattle through cDNA 454 sequencing. Broadway, P. R., T. B. Schmidt, J. C. Carroll, M. A. Brown, N. C. Burdick, P. R. Broadway. Collaborative research project with West Texas A&M University, Texas Tech University, USDA-ARS, and Mississippi State University. Status: Project is completed – currently analyzing data to generate publication.
• Impact of citrus pulp on rumen environment and microbiom of feedlot cattle through cDNA 454 sequencing. T. R. Callaway, J. A. Carroll, T. B. Schmidt, R. Rathmann. Status: Project is completed – currently analyzing data to generate publication
• Role of citrus pulp as a pre-harvest intervention tool prior to harvest in feedlot cattle. Rathmann, R., J. A. Carroll, T. B. Schmidt, T. R. Callaway, P. R. Broadway. Collaborative research project with Texas Tech University, USDA-ARS, and Mississippi State University. Status: Project is completed – currently analyzing data to generate publication.
• Utilization of temperament assessment upon arrival within the feedlot as a management protocol (Commercial feedlot study in Kansas). Schmidt, T. B*., J. A. Carroll, J. Waggoner, J. Jaeger, N. C. Burdick, P. R. Broadway. Status: Project is set to start in Jan 2012.
• Alteration of management practices based upon temperament assessment of cattle upon arrival at the feedlot. Schmidt, T. B., J. C. Carroll, M. A. Brown, N. C. Burdick, P. R. Broadway. Collaborative research project with West Texas A&M University, Texas Tech University, USDA-ARS, and Mississippi State University. Status: Project is set to start in Jan 2012.
• Impact of alteration of management practices on morbidity, mortality, and meat quality of temperamental cattle. Broadway, P. R., T. B. Schmidt, J. C. Carroll, M. A. Brown, N. C. Burdick, P. R. Broadway. Collaborative research project with West Texas A&M University, Texas Tech University, USDA-ARS, and Mississippi State University. Status: Project is set to start in March 2012.
• Evaluation of endocrine, immunological, and behavioral response of cattle challenged with Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus and Mannheimia Haemolytica. Bergeron, L. V., T. B. Schmidt, J. A. Carroll, W. Epperson, H. Boland, J. D. Rivera, H. A. Duoss, B. Naduri, S. M. Falkenberg. P. R. Broadway. Status: Project is set to start in June 2012.

Research Proposals

Funded (Total awards = $378,104)

• Assessment of E. coli O157:H7-pAK1-lux in vitro, ex vivo, and growth curve comparison between naturally isolated E. coli O157:H7 for determination of photonic properties and survivability of the transformed E. coli O157:H7-lux within cattle. Mississippi State University Special Research Initiative. 2010. PI: Ty B. Schmidt, Co-Investigators: Peter Ryan, Keesla Moulton, Jason Behrends, and Rand Broadway. Awarded $40,860.
• Comparison of growth, stability, competitive nature, and plasmid stability of two strains of E. coli O157:H7 (pathogenic and non-pathogenic) transformed with the XEN14 transposon. Mississippi State University Special Research Initiative. 2010. PI: Ty B. Schmidt, Co-PI: Janet R. Donaldson, Co-Investigators: Jeff Carroll, Todd Callaway, and Rand Broadway. Awarded $39,750.
• Plasmid Transformation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with the pAK1-lux gene cassette. Oak Ridge Associated Universities Junior Faculty Enhancement Award. 2009. PI: Ty B. Schmidt, Co-Investigators: Scott Willard and Keesla Moulton.. Awarded $10,000.
• Consumer preference of the steak surface area in the retail display case from strip loins, ribeye roll, and top sirloin when cut to a consistent weight. National Cattlemen's Beef Association. 2008. PI: Jason Behrends, Co-Investigators: Wes Schilling, Sally Yoder, and Ty B. Schmidt. Awarded $59,715.
• Performance of cattle fed dried distillers grains produced from mycotoxin contaminated corn. Mississippi Corn Promotion Board. 2009. PI: Stephanie Hill, Co-PI: Ty Schmidt, Brian Rude, Jeff Wilkinson, and Ashli Brown. Awarded $38,500.
• Evaluating and decreasing the impact aflatoxins on corn for ethanol. Mississippi Corn Promotion Board. 2009. PI: Jeff Wilkinson, Co-PI: Ashli Brown, Ty Schmidt, Stephanie Hill, and Brian Rude. Awarded: $60,000.
• Willingness to purchase known tender beef steak from foodservice and retail. North Dakota Cattlemen's Association. 2008. PI: Ty Schmidt, Eric Berg, and Robert Maddock. North Dakota State University Beef Systems Center of Excellence Awarded $47,364. Contracted $8,300 for Mississippi State University.
• Determining the role house flies (Musca domestica L) play in the contamination of beef carcass through surveillance and bio-photonic evaluation. Mississippi State University Special Research Imitative. 2007. PI: Ty Schmidt, Co-Investigators: Peter Ryan, Greta Schuster, Keesla Moulton, and Sally Yoder. Awarded $39,715
• Effect of dietary lipoic acid on circulating metabolic hormones and acute phase proteins of virus challenged beef steers. University of Missouri CAFNR Health Formula Funds. 2003. PI: Eric Berg, Co-PI's: K. C. Olson, Robert Larson, Marcia Shannon, Vern Pierce, and Cooperating PI: Michael Brown (West Texas A&M University); grant written by Ty Schmidt. Awarded $22,000.
• Consumer's willingness to purchase guaranteed tender beef top loin steaks within a restaurant setting. MBIC Competitive Grants Proposal. 2005. PI: Ty Schmidt, Co-PI: Eric Berg. Awarded $20,200.

Submitted (Not Funded, Total requested = $43,418,414)

• CAP-STEC: Coordinated Approaches to prevent Shiga Toxin-producing E. coli in Beef. USDA-NFRI. 2010. Project leader: Bushan Jayarao. Co-I: 71 Scientist from 19 US Universities, 1 Canadian University, 2 Canadian Public and Agriculture Agencies, 3 US Federal Agencies, 1 State Agiency, 1 Consultancy Service, and 3 Industry Partners. Researchers from Mississippi State are: Jason Behrends, Ty B. Schmidt, Bill Epperson, Mark Lawrence, Janet Donaldson, and Bindu Nanduri.: Requested $25,000,000.
• CAP-BRD: A Comprehensive Project for the Amelioration of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex. USDA-NFRI. 2010. Project leader: Christopher Chase. Co-I: Researchers from Aubrun University, University of California – Davis, University of California-San Diego, University of Georgia, University of Idaho, Iowa State University, NADC, Kansas State University, Michigan State University, Mississippi State University, University of Nebraska, Ohio State University, Noble Foundation, Oklahoma State University, Virginia Tech University, South Dakota State University, and University of Wisconsin. Researchers from Mississippi State University are: Mark Lawrence, Fiona McCarthy, Bindu Naduri, Leysa Pinchuk, and Ty B. Schmidt.: Requested $15,000,000.
• Comparative metaproteomic analysis of gastrointestinal microbiome in the presence of enteric disease. NIH. 2009. PI: Janet Donaldson, Co-I: Mark Lawrence, Bindu Nanduri, Ty B. Schmidt, and John Brooks. Requested: $1,938,415.
• Development of a novel real-time archetype for monitoring E. coli O157:H7 transmission/contamination in cattle. USDA-AFRI. 2009. PI: Ty B. Schmidt, Co-Investigators: Scott Willard, Peter Ryan, Jason Behrends, Greta Schuster, and Jeff C. Carroll. $582,077.
• Comprehensive monitoring program for animal health status and identity preservation during transportation. USDA-AFRI. 2009. PI: J. D. Davis, Co-Investigators: J. C. Carroll, T. B. Schmidt, H. Xin, J. L. Purswell, R. S. Gates, and S. R. Hill. Requested: $374,052.
• Evaluation of the effect infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), Mainheimia haemolytica, and physiological stress can have on energy re-partitioning, cytokine response, and growth related endocrine function in beef cattle. Mississippi State University Research Initiation Program. 2008. PI: Ty Schmidt, Co-PI: Shollie Behrends. Requested $10,000.
• Effect of antibiotic treatment for bovine respiratory disease on pathogen shedding and antimicrobial resistance in beef steers. National Cattlemen's Beef Association. 2007. PI: Ty B. Schmidt, Co-PI: Sally Yoder, Thomas Wittum, Shollie Behrends, Carla Huston, and Chin Ling (Grant was written by Shollie Behrends). Requested $49,995.
• Evaluation of respiratory distress at point of harvest and the subsequent effect on carcass quality and tenderness in beef cattle. National Cattlemen's Beef Association. 2007. PI: Ty B. Schmidt, Co-PI: Ty Lawrence, Carla Huston, Shollie Behrends, and Wes Schilling (Grant was written by Shollie Behrends). Requested $51,324.
• Investigation of cotton mote as a fiber/protein source and as a supplemental carrier of energy in the production of Boer-cross meat goats. Mississippi Cotton Incorporated State Support Program. 2007. PI: Ty Schmidt, Co-PI: Brian Rude, Mike Martin, and Shollie Behrends (Grant was written by Shollie Behrends). Requested $33,798.
• Investigation of cotton mote fed as a fiber/protein source and as a supplemental carrier for energy in stocker calves. Mississippi Cotton Incorporated State Support Program. 2007. PI: Ty B. Schmidt, Co-PI: Brian Rude, Shollie Behrends, and Jason Behrends (Grant was written by Shollie Behrends). Requested $33,938.
• Effects of Weaning Management and Vaccination History on Carcass Value in Beef Steers MBIC Competitive Grants Program. 2005. PI: K C Olson, Co-PI's: Ty B. Schmidt and Eric Berg. Requested: $28,765.
• Consumers' willingness to purchase known tender beef steaks within a restaurant setting. MBIC Competitive Grants Program. 2004. PI: Eric Berg, Co-PI's Ty B. Schmidt and Mike Keene; grant written by Ty B. Schmidt. Requested $13,900.
• Evaluation of the unique antioxidant lipoic acid, when supplemented to feeder cattle and its affect on immune response, metabolic rate of gain, meat quality, and shelf life. NRI-CSREES Competitive Research Proposal. 2003. PI: Eric Berg, Co-PI's K. C. Olson and Robert Larson; grant written by Ty B. Schmidt. Requested $130,000.
• Descriptive analysis and external preference mapping of steaks that have been classified using instrument tenderness classification systems. Missouri Beef Improvement Council. 2002. PI: Carol Lorenzen; grant written by Ty B. Schmidt. Requested $25,150.
• Calpastatin bio-sensor for meat tenderness. University of Missouri Research Board. 2001. Co-PI's: Carol Lorenzen and Sheila Grant; grant written by Ty B. Schmidt. Requested $147,000.

Submitted (Pending: Total Requested = $539,490)

• Use of biophotonic strains of six non-O157:H7 strains of E. coli (O26:H11, O103:H2, O111:H8, O145:H28, O121:H19, and O45:19) to evaluate the use of citrus by-products as a cost effective pre-harvest intervention in cattle. Mississippi State University Special Research Initiative. 2011. PI: Ty B. Schmidt, Co-PI: Janet Donaldson, Collaborators: Jeff Carroll and Todd Callaway. Requested $42,750.
• Molecular mechanisms of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-M haemolytica synergy in monocyte-dependent innate and adaptive immune response. USDA-NIFA-AFRI-003040. 2011. PI: Bindu Nanduri, Co-PI's: Mark Lawrence, Fiona McCarthy, Lesya Pinchuk, Seo Keun, and Ty B. Schmidt. Requested: $496,740.

Industry Support
(Total received – $23,500)

• Lesaffre Yeast
  $5,000 gift for research related to biophotonic E. coli research – Nov 2011
• National Cattlemen's Beef Association
  $5,000 gift for research related to biophotonic E. coli research – Sept 2011
• Prince Agri Products, Inc.
  $3,500 gift for research related to biophotonic E. coli research – Aug 2011
• Prince Agri Products, Inc
  $10,000 gift for research related to stress physiology in beef cattle – Dec 2009
• In-kind Support
  (Total received – $215,038.90)
• USDA-ARS: $14,469.60 – Dr. Jeff Carroll
  Conducting cortisol, cytokines, and growth hormone and IGF-I assays for research project titled: Evaluation of endocrine and immune disruption of steers challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus
• USDA-ARS: $21,704.40 – Dr. Jeff Carroll
  Conducting cortisol, cytokines, and growth hormone and IGF-I assays for research project titled: Evaluation of varying volumes of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus on immune and physiological parameters in steers.
• USDA-ARS: $44,145.20 – Dr. Jeff Carroll
  Conducting cortisol, cytokines, and growth hormone and IGF-I assays for research project titled: Evaluation of the endocrine response of cattle during the relocation process.
• USDA-ARS: $105,926.40 – Dr. Jeff Carroll
  Conducting cortisol, cytokines, and growth hormone and IGF-I assays for research project titled: Evaluation of the timing of cortisol release on the somatotrophic axis during an M. haemolytica challenge in beef steers.
• USDA-ARS: $9,040 – Dr. Todd Callaway
  Conducting cDNA 454 sequencing and analysis for research project titled: Evaluation of rumen microbial changes due to supplementation of citrus by-products to receiving cattle
• USDA-ARS: $11,500 – Dr. Todd Callaway
  Providing swine and care of swine for research project titled: In vivo analysis of viability of biophotonic E. coli O157:H7 within the GI tract of swine.
• University of Missouri: $8,253.26 – Dr. Duane Keisler
  Conducting urocortin assays for project titled: Evaluation of cortisol release on serum concentrations of urocortin in beef steers challenged with CRP and aVP.

Teaching Summary

Statement of Teaching Philosophy

• I am committed to and enthusiastic about teaching students and generating interest in animal science careers. As a faculty member, I strive to engage my students so they become active participants in their education. My goals as a professor are to increase students' knowledge of animal agriculture, to challenge students to think critically, and to prepare my students to positively and effectively represent animal agriculture. To achieve these goals, I incorporate hands-on labs for interactive learning, promote participation in classroom discussions, and challenge students to think outside of traditional parameters while giving consideration to the students' varied attention spans and learning styles. It is my job to provide meaningful answers to the students' questions, to emphasize the fundamentals during class time, and to assign papers or projects to allow students to explore unresolved issues within the subject matter.
• Because it is important to make my expectations clear to students, the course syllabi I distribute include outlines of topics to be covered, corresponding reading material for students to review outside of class, and the score and value of each assignment and exam. Assignments and projects are fully explained and grades reflect the students' ability to comprehend, rather than memorize, materials. Regular office hours are maintained to address students' individual concerns and review sessions are conducted outside of class prior to exams. Following exams and assignments, class time is devoted to evaluating the class performance and providing examples of what I consider to be "ideal" answers. Grading is viewed as an objective method of evaluating student performance to help better understand what students absorbed, and to evaluate teaching success at communicating course material with sufficient depth and clarity.

Outline of Teaching Philosophy

• Be prepared.
  • Organize instructional material to allow for successful utilization by students.
  • Cover the necessary material to meet the goals outlined in the syllabus.
  • Constantly analyze and update teaching materials and methods.
• Develop interpersonal relationships with students.
  • Maintain an "open door" policy for students.
  • Promote a comfortable classroom environment where students feel confident joining discussions and asking questions.
  • Be personable, make time for students, and express a genuine interest in students and their success.
  • Learn students' names and address them by name outside of the classroom.
• Focus on making learning enjoyable while meeting the needs of the students.
  • Develop challenging but fair coursework that accommodates diverse learning styles.
  • Prepare for students' questions and commit to finding answers that are not readily available.
  • Encourage students to think, solve problems, and articulate what they have learned.
  • Incorporate humor and fun into class. When students enjoy coming to class, they learn and retain more information.